Window Based Application

Q1 Draw a neat sketch of window screen and explain the various parts of window screen.

Parts of MS-Windows Screen

Desktop : The screen.

Icons : The icons are displayed at the left side of desktop. Present icons is My Computer.

Task Bar : The Task Bar is positioned at the bottom of desktop by default. Its position can be changed. It contains Start Button at the left side and Time indicator at the right side. The name of application currently working with will be displayed on the Task Bar.

Start Button : The Start Button is positioned at the left side of Task Bar by default. It

Is used to execute the applications, to shutdown the computer etc.

Time Indicator : The time indicator displays the system time. It will also display the date, when the mouse pointer is positioned on the Time Indicator. To set the current time and today’s date, double click on the time indicator.

Mouse Pointer : The arrow, which moves on the screen when, moving the mouse.

Mouse

Mouse is a pointing device. It is also the primary input device for MS-Windows. There are two types of mouse.

IBM : All three buttons are used (three buttons mouse)

MICROSOFT : Only two buttons are used (two buttons mouse)

Activities of Mouse:

Point : Placing the mouse pointer on a particular icon or item.

Click : Placing the mouse pointer on a particular icon or item and pressing the primary mouse button (left button) once. Used to select the icon or item.

Double Click : Placing the mouse pointer on a particular icon or item and pressing the primary mouse button (left button) twice rapidly. Used to execute the program.

Drag : Placing the mouse pointer on a particular icon or item, pressing the primary mouse button (left button) moving the mouse and then releasing the mouse button. Used to move the icon or items.

Right Click : Placing the mouse pointer on a particular icon or item and pressing the right mouse button once. Used to display the short-cut mouse.

Positioning the Task Bar

The taskbar is positioned at the bottom of the desktop. It can be positioned at the left, top or right side of the desktop. To change the position of the Task Bar, drag the Task Bar by positioning the mouse pointer in the empty part of Task Bar to the required position.

Displaying Today’s Date

To display today’s date, point to the time indicator on the Task Bar. The date will be displayed as Wednesday, Jun 04. 2004.

Setting the Date and Time

To set the date and time, double click on the time indicator on the Task Bar. Select the appropriate month, year and date in the left side of the window and set the time and AM or PM in the right side of the window and click on OK. The time indicator will automatically display the new time.

Q2 Define folder. Explain the procedure of creating a folder in computer.

Folder is the container of files. The files are stored in folders.

To create a folder (directory) on desktop.

• Right click on the desktop. A short cut menu will be displayed.
• Select New and then Folder. A new folder appears with the text New Folder. Its name is highlighted and it is ready for editing.
• Type a new name for the folder. To finish it, click somewhere outside the folder.

To rename a folder

The existing name of the folder can be changed (folders or documents can be renamed). To do so click on the folder icon and then click on the folder name (not double click on the folder), type a new name or edit the existing name and click outside the folder icon.

To open a folder

To open the folder, double-click on it.

To create sub-folders, in existing folders, open the folder in which the sub-folders are to be created by double clicking on it, right click on an empty area inside the folder window and select New and then Folder. Type the name of folder and click somewhere outside the folder icon.

Moving or Copying items between folders

To reduce the clutter on desktop, the items on desktop can be moved to other folders. To move the existing folders and document icons into any folder, drag the folder or document icon into the destination folder (the folder to which they have to be moved).

Deleting a file in the folder

To delete a file in the folder, select a file by opening the folder. (The file can also be selected at the desktop). Drag the item to the Recycle Bin icon in the desktop or press Delete Key or right click on the selected file and then select Delete from the short cut menu.

Deleting a Folder

To delete a folder, drag the folder to Recycle Bin or select the folder and press Delete Key. When a folder is deleted, Windows 95 deletes all the contents of that folder.

Q3) What is the significance of control panel? List the applets and their use in the control

panel.

Ans: Control Panel is used to change the settings of the system. The screen color, mouse speed, setting the primary mouse button, adding and removing printers, fonts, setting the date and time formats etc. can be done through the Control Panel.

To open the Control Panel, select,

Start Settings Control Panel

The executable file name of is CONTROL.EXE.

Each icon in the Control Panel represents a little program called an applet that will be executed when double clicked on it. The following are some of the applets in the Control Panel.

Accessibility options: It allows us to set the keyboard, mouse, sound, display and general MS-Windows options.

Add new hardware: It is used to install or remove sound, CD-ROM, video, hard disk and floppy disk controllers, display adapters, keyboard, mouse, printers, ports, modems, network adapters and other device drivers.

Add/Remove Programs: It is used to add or remove different modules of MS-Windows and also allows the user create a start-up disk.

Date/Time: Allows to set the current date and time based on the time zone selected.

Display: It is used to set the colors and fonts of different parts of windows screen, title bars etc., desktop pattern or wall paper can be changed, allows to select any screen saver, display drivers, screen resolution etc.

Fonts: Used to add or remove the fonts.

Keyboard: Used to set the rate at which keys repeat, cursor blink rate, language to be used for the characters etc.

Modems: Used to add, remove or set the properties of the modem connected to the computer.

Mouse: Used to set the speed of mouse movement, double click speed, mouse trails, left or right primary button and shape of the mouse pointers.

Multimedia: Used to change the Audio, MIDI, CD Music, and other multimedia device drivers, properties and settings.

Network: Used to configure the support for Network and the manner in which the access must be given to share the resources on the network like printers, folders, fax etc.

Passwords: Used to set or change the log-on passwords, allows remote administration of the computer etc.

Power: Used to set Advanced Power Management in case of a battery powered portable computer to view the current condition of the battery charge.

Printers: Used to display the printers installed, to change the properties of the installed printers, to display and manage the print queue for each of the installed printers.

Regional Settings: Used to set the time, date, number and currency formats.

Sounds: Turns off and on the computer’s beep or adds sounds to various system events if the computer is having the built-in sound capability.

System: Displays the computer devices, RAM, type of processor etc.

Q4 Explain the features and advantages of Power point.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a very powerful presentation utility, which helps in creation of presentation at ease and with immense speed. It includes many features to help the user create, format and manipulate electronic presentations.

Features and utilities are as follows-

- Presentation Wizards which help you through a presentation.

- Clip Art.

- Slides show customization.

Presentation enhancements include toolbars and shortcut menus to give the user quick access to frequently used commands and features.

1- The initial screens

The initial screen, which comes up, has the standard windows screen format. On the first line it contains a menu bar and toolbar on the second line. Toolbars allow quick access of commands and functions. The same commands are also accessible from the menu bar.

The horizontal bars are called Toolbars whereas the vertical bars are called Palettes.

2- The Standard Toolbar

New Slide: Inserts a blank slide with the selected page layout.

Insert Microsoft Word Table: Inserts a table, in the Microsoft Word table formats.

Insert Microsoft Excel Worksheet: Invokes Excel and allows the user to create a worksheet, which is added onto the presentation.

Insert Graph: Generates a graph.

Insert Organisation Chart: Generates an organization chart.

Clip Art: Inserts a picture from the Clip Art gallery.

Apply Design Template: Provides a list of templates to change the format of the active presentation to that of the selected template.

Undo: Reserves the most recent operation done.

3- The Formatting Toolbar

Increase Font Size: Increases the font size in steps of 4 points for the selected text.

Decrease Font Size: Decreases the font size in steps of 4 points for the selected text.

Shadow: Applies a shadow to the selected object or text.

Color: Changes the color of the font for the selected text.

Promote: Decreases the indent of the selected lines.

Demote: Increases the indent of the selected lines.

Bold: To bold face the selected text.

Italics: Italicise the selected text.

Underline: Underline the selected text.

Left Align: Align the selected text to the left margin.

Center Align: Align the selected text at the center.

4- The Drawing Palette

Selection tool: Used for selecting objects. By default this palette would be selected.

Text tool: Used to add text onto the slide/page area. With this tool the keyboard is used to enter data

Line tool: Used to draw straight lines – To draw a line click on this tool. A thin plus would appear as the cursor. Position this cursor at the start location, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse till the length you desire and release the left mouse button. This would result in a straight line being drawn. Simultaneously holding down the shift key would result in horizontal, vertical or diagonal lines.

Rectangle Tool: Used to draw rectangles. When you click on this tool the cursor will appear as a thin plus. Position this cursor to the start location, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the diagonally opposite end of the rectangle, release the mouse button. This would result in a rectangle being down. Simultaneously holding down the Shift Key would result in a square.

Ellipse Tool: Used to draw an ellipse – To draw an ellipse, click on this tool. A thin plus would appear as the cursor. Position this cursor at the start location, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the opposite end of the ellipse and release the button. This results in an ellipse being drawn. Simultaneously holding down the shift key would result in a perfect circle.

Arc Tool: Used to draw curved arcs. Click on this tool, a thin plus would appear as the cursor. Position the cursor at the start location, hold down the left mouse button and drag the left mouse button till the other end of the arc and release the left mouse button. This would result in an arc being drawn. Simultaneously holding down the shift key would result in circular arcs.

Freeform Tool: Used for freehand drawing. To start the freehand drawing hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse, a line is drawn along with the mouse movements.

Free rotate Tool: This tool can be enabled only after the selection of an object. It enables you to rotate the selected object in any angle.

AutoShape Tool On/Off: Shows the AutoShape toolbox On/Off (toggle). Used to draw variable shapes. To draw the shape click on this tool, a list of shape palette appears, you would also get a thin plus as the cursor. Position this cursor at the start location, hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse till the other end of the shape and release the left mouse button. This would result in the selected shape being drawn.

Fill On/Off: Activates or deactivates the default fill color from the selected object (toggle).

Line On/Off: Activates or deactivates the default line color from the selected object (toggle)

Shade On/Off: Adds or removes the default shade color from the selected object (toggle).

5- Palette

Fill Color: Used for changing the color for filling any object.

Line Color: Used for changing the color for drawing any object.

Shadow Color: Used for changing the color of the shadow of an object.

Line Style: Used for setting the width of the lines to be drawn.

Dashed Lines: Used for setting the type of dashed line to be drawn.

Arrow Heads: Used for drawing arrows.

Bring Forward: Brings the text to the front of the drawing object. It is used while enclosing a text with a drawing object.

Send Backward: Sends the text behind the drawing object.

Group: Groups together more than one objects so that they can be selected or moved together instead of one at a time.

Ungroup: Converts the grouped objects to individual objects.

Rotate Left: Rotates the selected object to the left.

Rotate Right: Rotates the selected object to the right.

Flip Horizontal: Flips the selected object about the Y-axis.

Flip Vertical: Flips the selected object about the X-axis.

	Name – Saurabh Nidhi Subject: Window Based Application Roll No: Assignment number: MI 02 – 02 Study Centre: Raveesh Computers Date of submission:

Q1 Explain the following:

a) Word pad

Wordpad is a document mode wordprocessor available in MS-Windows.

Features

· Files can be saved in 4 different formats. They are:

o Word for Windows 6.0

o Rich Text Format (RTF)

o Text Document

o Text Document MS DOS format

· Displays the tool bar, formula bar, status bar and the ruler.

· Margins, tabs and indents can be set easily.

· Allows print preview.

· Different font types and font sizes can be used in the document.

· Bold, Italics, Underline and text coloring features are available.

· Left, Center and Right alignments are available.

· Bullet markers can be applied for the paragraphs.

· Time and date can be included in the document.

· Pictures can be inserted or pictures can be drawn.

Demerits

· Headers and Footers cannot be included in the documents.

· Justified alignment is not available.

· Double and one and half-line spacing is not available.

· Decimal Tab positions cannot be set.

· Manual page breaks cannot be included into the documents.

· Spelling check feature is not available.

· Subscript and Superscript character formats are not available.

Parts of Wordpad Window

· WordPad application window will have a control box, title bar (if the file is not named, the title bar displays Document), minimize button, maximize button, close button, menu bar and application workspace.

· Tool bars is displayed below the menu bar containing 11 graphical symbols called icons – New, Open, Save, Print, Preview, Find, Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo, Date/Time. The tool bar can be turned on or off by selecting Toolbar from view menu. The tool bar can be moved anywhere on the screen by dragging the tool bar’s empty area.

· Format bar contains a set of graphical icons and 2 drop down list boxes – Font type, Font size, Bold, Italics, Underline, Text color, Align Left, Center, Align Right and Bullet. The Format bar can be turned on or off by selecting Format Bar from View menu. It can also be moved anywhere on the screen by dragging the format bar’s empty area.

· Ruler is displayed below the Format Bar. It is used to set the tab stops, left, first line and right indents.

· Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of WordPad window. Messages are displayed at the left and Caps Lock, Num Lock indicators are displayed at the right.

b) Phone Dailer

Phone Dialer is a simple application used to make telephone calls from the computer using a modem.

For using Phone Dialer, a telephone number must be typed or can be selected from the speed dial list

and Dial. After dialing the call, Phone Dialer connects the line through the telephone set plugged into

the phone jack on the modem so that the receiver can be picked up and start talking.

To start Phone Dialer, select,

Start Programs Accessories Phone Dialer

Executable file name: DIALER.EXE

Making a Call

Dialing a number with Phone Dialer is exactly like dialing the same number from the telephone.

Therefore the STD or ISTD codes and the phone number must be written exactly as prescribed by

the telephone department.

To make a call, make sure that the modem and modem cables are connected correctly. Type the

phone number in dialable format or international format in the Number to dial box and click on

Dial button.

Creating a Speed Dial List

The important calls or the calls which are made frequently, can be stored in the Speed Dial list. If

any number is stored in the Speed Dial list, the phone number need not be remembered to make

the calls, as the number is stored internally. There is a provision to type upto eight phone numbers

in the Speed Dial list. The eight entries in the speed dial list are push buttons.

Placing a Call

To make a call, either enter a number in the Number to dial box and click on Dial or click on the

name of the person in the speed dial list. If the modem is connected properly, the dialing will be

successful. If the dialing is not successful, an error message will be displayed.

c) Task bar

The taskbar is displayed at the bottom of the desktop having the Start button at its beginning and the time indicator ( a digital clock) at its end. When clicked on the Start button, the start menu will be displayed. The items in the taskbar, start menu and its appearance can be changed. To specify the Taskbar settings select

Start Setting Taskbar

The taskbar properties dialog box includes two tabs – Takbar Options and Start Menu Programs. Taskbar Options are used to specify how to display the taskbar and what it should contain. Start Menu programs settings is used to add, remove, copy or move the items included in the programs

group.

Taskbar Options

1. Always on Top

2. Auto Hide

3. Show small icons in start menu

4. Show clock/Date and Time

d) Disk Defragmenter

Disk Defragmenter consolidates fragmented files and folders on our computer's hard disk, so that each occupies a single, contiguous space on the volume. As a result, our system can gain access to our files and folders and save new ones more efficiently. By consolidating our files and folders, Disk Defragmenter also consolidates the volume's free space, making it less likely that new files will be fragmented.

We can also defragment disks from a command line using the defrag command

To open Disk Defragmenter,

§ click Start,

§ point to All Programs,

§ point to Accessories,

§ point to System Tools,

§ click Disk Defragmenter.

Q2) What are the different types of Windows? Explain the feature of one over other.

Window – Window is the area on the screen having the border on all four sides, to perform specific work. MS-Window executes one computer program within one window. Therefore, several programs can be executed at the same time, each in its own window. The window can be enlarged to fill the entire screen or can be sized and moved to any part of the screen.

Types of Windows

There are mainly 2 types of windows.

• Application Window.
• Folder Window.

Parts of a Window

1- Control Box: It will be displayed at the top left side of the application window. When clicked on the control box, control menu will be displayed on the screen.

2- Title Bar: Title Bar will be displayed at the top of the windows. It will display the file name and the name of the application.

3- Minimize Button: It is used to minimize the active window.

4- Maximize Button: It is used to maximize the active window. It will be displayed, if the window is maximized.

5- Restore Button: It is used to restore the window to its previous size. It will be displayed only if the window is maximized.

6- Close Button: It is used to close the active application.

7- Application Workspace: It is the space occupied by the application windows.

8- Window Borders: All windows will have 4 borders on its sides (left, top, right and bottom). Windows will also have 4 corners.

9- Scroll Bars: Generally, application windows will have 2 scroll bars, one at the bottom and the other at the right side. The scroll bar at the bottom of window is called as the horizontal scroll bar and the scroll bar at the right is called as the vertical scroll bar. The scroll bars have the scroll buttons (left and right for horizontal scroll bar, top and bottom for vertical scroll bar) and a scroll box.

10- Menu Bar: The menu bar will be displayed below the title bar.

11- Status Bar: The status bar will be displayed at the bottom of the window, below the horizontal scroll bar.

Q3) Define Computer virus with some examples. How can you protect a computer by this.

A computer virus is a computer program, which is destructive. It resides in RAM during its execution and can be stored on any computer storage media. Virus is loaded, executed and copied automatically i.e. they are self replicating programs.

They might get loaded when the system is booted using an infected floppy or when an infected file is executed. Once it is in the memory, it can do whatever the programmer has written it for. Usually, it corrupts files on the floppy or copies itself onto floppies used on that device.

Affects of Virus-

The virus is capable of doing anything.

• The virus occupies space in the memory, hence application programs may not be executed. Sometimes they do run but result in wrong output.
• Most virus programs become memory resident and interfere with other programs, causing the system to hang.
• Some viruses destroy data in disks. They fill the disk with garbage but do not alter the physical appearance of the disks. Hence, the disk just needs to be formatted and used.
• Some viruses are capable of damaging electronic parts of the system but most of them damage only software.
• There are virus programs that do not destroy anything. They are just funny and their main purpose is to attract the user’s attention by flashing funny messages.
• Logic Bomb virus also exist. These are activated at a particular time or a particular day, which automatically performs different processes. The process may be anything.

Vaccines

These are computer programs that counter-act the virus, i.e. they are anti-virus programs. Vaccines are available against every known virus.

Since most virus search disks for themselves and infect the disk only if they do not find themselves on the disk. One method of vaccination is by putting the inactivated virus file on the target disk. Another technique

followed in vaccination is to search the disk and erase the virus from the disk.

Precautions:

• Use write-protected tabs on floppies.
• Avoid using infected disks.
• Avoid swapping disks among machines.
• Avoid booting from many disks, maintain a single system floppy.
• Check all disks regularly, and maintain backups.
• Prevent access to unauthorized persons.

Procedures to be followed once the system is infected-

• Switch off the system immediately
• Keep all the floppies that were in use, at the time the virus was discovered, separately.
• Use the anti-virus programs only if you are familiar with it.
• Affix write-protect tabs on other disks before using them.
• Confirm that the problem is software related. Do not raise false alarms of Virus.
• Call for professional help.
• Enforce strict discipline in the computer center and try to detect the source of the virus.

Q4) List the UNIX commands and their use.

Unix is a multi-user, multitasking operating System.

It comprises of three components:

Kernel: This is the core of the system, controlling hardware and performing I/O operations.

Shell: Shell is a reference to the command interpreter. The bourne shell is the default shell of Unix.

Utility programs: These support a variety of tasks, such as copying of files, editing text, performing calculations and developing software.

Unix Commands

login : To login

cat : To display the contents of the file

cd : To change directory

cp : To copy a file

pwd : To display the current directory

ls : To display the names of the files in the current directory.

mv : To change the name of the file.

rm : To delete a file.

mkdir : To create a directory

rdir : To remove a directory